The radio-technical troops are the eyes of the system. A mix of early-warning radars (e.g. Nebo series, low-band against stealth), area radars and fire-control radars builds a continuous air picture. Low-band VHF radars are used to detect low-observable (stealth) targets at distance, though they provide no firing solution.
At strategic level there is also the missile defence (PRO). Since the 2024 reorganisation the capital has its own 1st Special Purpose Air & Missile Defence Army under the Moscow MD: it directs the A-135/A-235 system around Moscow (against intercontinental missiles), the S-400/S-500 regiments of the capital ring and the space-based early-warning system (SPRN). Together they form the top of the Russian air and space defence.
| Function | Example system | Task |
|---|---|---|
| Early warning (low band) | Nebo-M / Nebo-SVU | Detection at distance, anti-stealth indication |
| Area surveillance | Podlet, Gamma | Low-flying targets, air picture |
| Fire control | 91N6/92N6 (S-400) | Target tracking and missile guidance |
| Strategic / hypersonic | S-500 Prometheus | Anti-ballistic & near-space (operational since late 2025) |
| Strategic missile defence | A-135 / A-235 (Moscow) | Interception of intercontinental missiles |
| Space / early warning | SPRN, Voronezh radars | Detection of missile launches |
The space component (KV) closes the chain: satellites and ground radars provide strategic early warning, while the tactical radars feed the local IADS. Detection → identification → assignment → interception runs across all these levels.